Huddersfield Town FC’s 2018 Finances – Premier Profits

Huddersfield Town FC's Finances 2018

Huddersfield enjoyed another memorable season, beating the odds to secure Premier League survival with a 16thplaced finish, just a season after an unexpected promotion. 

Huddersfield were expected to finish rock bottom given their modest budget and the surprise they were promoted in the first place, but they made all their fans proud in their first season in the Premier League.

An inaugural Premier League campaign turned a £17.1m loss in 2017 into a record-breaking £25.7m profit for the club, showing the riches the Premier League brings.

Let’s delve into the numbers.

Huddersfield Profit:Loss 2018

Revenue Analysis

Huddersfield 2018 Revenue

Revenue shot into the stratosphere for Huddersfield, rocketing from £15.8m to £125.2m (692%) as they benefitted for the riches available in the Premier League.

Matchday revenue increased from £4.0m to £4.8m (20%) as fans flocked to the John Smith’s Stadium and ticket prices rose slightly.

Broadcasting revenue increased 12-fold, rising from £7.5m to an eye-watering £109.8m (1,364%!) as Huddersfield saw first-hand the riches the Premier League brings and why clubs fight tooth and nail to get to the top flight and to stay there.

Huddersfield also performed slightly better in the cups which added to their prize money pot.

Commercial revenue nearly tripled, increasing from £3.4m to £9.7m (185%) as the club exploited their new Premier League status to good effect and will be hoping they can maintain this despite relegation.

Other revenue was stable at £0.9m.

Looking ahead, Huddersfield are relegated however their revenue next season should remain fairly stable. Finishing 3 or 4 places lower than last season will hit the club by around £6-10m, however commercial revenue may offset much of this drop. 

The real drop will be felt next year when they play in the Championship and are likely to see revenue drop by at least a third as they will receive around £8m from the Championship in revenue and then further parachute payments.

Costs Analysis 

Huddersfield Costs 2018

Huddersfield saw their costs more than double from £38.5m to £103.6m (169%) as they invested relatively heavily to make themselves Premier League ready. However, this rise in costs paled in comparison to the huge increase in revenue, boosting profitability significantly.

The increase in costs is even more pronounced when considering that they had exceptional one-off costs of £11.9m related to gaining promotion last season.

Amortisation costs increased from a measly £2.7m to £17.1m (533%) as the club, who are used to relatively quiet transfer windows, experienced the largest transfer season in their history. 

Huddersfield also had an impairment charge on existing players values of £1.5m.

Interest charges increased from a minimal amount to £0.5m due to interest on transfer fees paid by instalments.

Huddersfield Wages 2018

Huddersfield’s wages nearly tripled, rising from £21.7m to £62.6m (188%) as the club paid their new players at Premier League rates while existing players were rewarded with lucrative new deals. 

Huddersfield are likely to have also rewarded players in spades for securing survival.

This wage increase works out at a huge extra £787k per week, an astronomical amount. However, to put this into perspective, this is still the lowest wage bill in the Premier League, showcasing the amazing feat they achieved in surviving.

Directors were rewarded as their wages increased from £291k to £664k (128%).

Looking ahead, Huddersfield will see a further increase in costs next season as the club spent relatively heavily again then they are used to. Huddersfield will be hoping that wages do then drop significantly next season as wage drop clauses come into effect and high-earners leave following relegation.

Transfers Analysis

Huddersfield Net Transfer Spend 2018

Huddersfield had the biggest transfer year in their history, spending £51.1m to bring in 9 players.

In came Mounie (£11.7m), Pritchard (£11.1m), Ince (£8.2m), Mooy (£8.2m), Malone (£3.5m), Depoitre (£3.4m), Zanka (£2.4m), Sabiri (£1.4m) and Kachunga (£1.2m) for a combined £51.1m.

Out went Wells (£4.9m) and Dempsey (£0.4m) for combined £5.3m.

This meant their net transfer spend increased from a measly £2.7m to a huge £45.8m (1,596%), only their third net transfer spend in the last 7 years.

The signings all did their bit to secure survival with Mooy proving one of the signings of the season while Mounie offered some goal threat and Pritchard boosted the club just when they needed it following his winter move.

Huddersfield also secured a profit on player sales of £5.9m, although this amount also includes the sale of Ince to Stoke.

In cash terms, Huddersfield spent actual cash of £39.0m while they only received £2.5m, a net cash outlay of £36.5m.

They are however owed a further £7.4m (of which £4.5m is due this year) but owe £14.6m (of which £11.5m is due this year), meaning they owe £7.2m net, an amount that should not affect future transfer plans.

Huddersfield also have contingent transfer fees payable if certain clauses are met. A potential £4.6m is payable to players while they could also be forced to fork out an additional £2.1m to agents.

Debt Analysis

Huddersfield Net Debt 2018

Huddersfield’s finances were significantly boosted by the Premier League and this was reflected in their cash balance more than doubling.

Cash reserves increased from £3.0m to £6.5m (117%) due to the profits made on promotion. £5.1m was used on a new training ground at PPG Canalside and stadium enhancements, with a further £0.7m on other improvements. This £5.8m infrastructure investment was up from only £1.1m last year, showing the long-term outlook Huddersfield have sensibly chosen.

In the process of counting all their new cash, Huddersfield actually repaid some loans owed to their owner.

Debt levels fell from £53.1m to £50.2m (5%) as the owner rewarded himself with a job well done this year, repaying himself £2.9m.

This repayment may soon be back with the club following another heavy transfer window that may require funding, while relegation is unlikely to see him repay himself again anytime soon.

Net debt hence fell from £50.1m to £43.7m (13%) after the increase in cash and decrease in debt. 

Huddersfield are still in a good place financially despite relegation this season due to the prudence they showed in their two year stay. This means that the club should be okay if their stay in the Championship is prolonged, although a quick return would be welcome, and they are well positioned financially to do this.

A return within the next two seasons would mean their financial approach wouldn’t have to change too much as parachute payments should assist their transition to the Championship. 

Any longer and further investment will be needed to avoid a much longer stay in the Championship becoming their reality.

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AFC Bournemouth 2018 Finances – Howe You Doin’?

AFC Bournemouth Finances 2018

Bournemouth had another solid season in the Premier League, securing their 4thsuccessive season in the top flight following a 12thplaced finish. A Quarter-Final finish in the League Cup partly made up for the club failing to follow up on last season’s top half finish.

2018 saw Bournemouth begin to flex their growing financial muscle, breaking the £20m transfer fee barrier for the first time.

The added investments made led to a £14.0m profit in 2017, turning into a £10.6m loss in 2018, a sizeable swing and their first loss since 2015.

It is worth noting that the figures below are not a direct comparison as 2017 was an 11-month period for Bournemouth who changed their financial year last year. The effect of this was larger on costs than revenue due to most of their revenue being received in that 11 month period, whereas costs were affected far greater, making the increase in costs seem greater than they actually were.

Let’s delve into the numbers.

Bournemouth Profit:Loss 2018

Revenue Analysis

Bournemouth 2018 Revenue

Revenue dissapointingly fell a bit, falling from £136.5m to £134.9m (1%).

Matchday revenue did rise however, increasing from £6.5m to £6.8m (5%) on the back of another impressive season full of good performances. Bournemouth also benefitted from more home games this season after their League Cup campaign yielded 2 additional home games.

Broadcasting revenue dropped from £124.5m to £119.5m (4%) after Bournemouth fell 3 places in the Premier League and this lost revenue couldn’t be offset by their cup performances. This showcases the importance of their Premier League position to their revenue and the club will be hoping they can improve on their 12thplaced finish this season.

Commercial revenue increased significantly, rising from £4.7m to £8.1m (72%) after the club’s commercial strategy paid dividends as they exploited their fairly secure Premier League status. Bournemouth will be hoping they can build on this going forward.

Other revenue fell from £0.8m to £0.5m (38%).

Looking ahead, Bournemouth are likely to see a similar level of revenue next season. Bournemouth’s cup campaigns once again faltered early while they are due to finish around the same position as last year this year. The final league position is likely to dictate whether revenue rises while another jump in commercial income would be welcome and could boost revenue significantly.

Costs Analysis

Bournemouth Costs 2018

Costs increased significantly (even if the longer period is taking into account), rising from £121.4m to £153.1m (26%). Such a rise when revenue was falling hurt Bournemouth’s profitability hugely.

Amortisation was a big mover, rising from £19.6m to £26.9m (37%) on the back of a large increase in player investment as Bournemouth begun to kick on in the Premier League as their ambitions changed.

Lease rental costs fell slightly from £0.9m to £0.8m (11%).

Bournemouth saw their interest costs increase from £1.5m to £1.8m (20%) due to an increase in interest costs on transfer fees paid by instalments.

Bournemouth had no tax to pay due to their loss-making status this year. The loss will also help reduce future tax bills on future profits as the loss could be offset against these profits.

Bournemouth Wages 2018

Bournemouth’s wage bill ballooned this year, rising from £71.5m to £101.9m (43%) as Bournemouth broke the £100m wage bill barrier for the first time. Players were rewarded for another solid season with new contracts, while Begovic and Ake commanded premium wages.

The increase in wages works out an eye-watering £585k extra a week, unheard of for a club the size of Bournemouth, showcasing how far they have come in such a short period of time.

Directors saw their wages rise from £1.4m to £1.7m (21%) after meeting their objectives for the season.

Bournemouth also saw ‘income’ of £2.8m in relation to their 2014/15 Financial Fair Play fine of £7.6m from the EFL. After a long back and forth with the EFL, Bournemouth settled the penalty at £4.8m. Having already recorded the expense previously at £7.6m, they have been able to recognise income of £2.8m to reflect the fall in the charge.

Looking ahead, Bournemouth are likely to see another rise in costs as Bournemouth continue to push ahead and show their new financial muscle. A record transfer season in 2018/19 will see both wages and amortisation rise.

Transfers Analysis

Bournemouth Net Transfer Spend 2018

Bournemouth had a rather quiet 2017/18 transfer season with two signings and no departures.

In came Ake (£20.5m) for a record transfer fee and Begovic (£10.4m) for a combined £30.9m.

With no outgoings this meant their net spend increased from £13.7m to £30.9m (126%) showcasing the increased ambition Bournemouth have shown having consolidated their position as a Premier League club.

Bournemouth went for quality over quantity and it paid dividends as Ake and Begovic both slotted in as key players for the Cherries.

Bournemouth also received £5.2m in loan fees and wages for the likes of Afobe, Grabban and Gradel.

In cash terms, Bournemouth spent cash of £37.9m and received only £6.3m (due to previous season transfers), a net cash outlay of £31.6m.

On top of this, Bournemouth are owed £11.2m in transfer fees while they owe a further £37.5m (of which £26.5m is due this year). This means that Bournemouth owe net £26.5m in transfer fees, although this seems to not have affected their transfer dealings this season.

There could also be a further hefty charge of £29.5m if certain clauses are met in the future. £5.9m of this relates to transfers which will be owed to other clubs while £23.6m is potentially due to Bournemouth players and their agents.

Debt Analysis

Bournemouth Net Debt 2018

Bournemouth are excited at the new era they are entering where they have more financial power behind them. 

The added spending this year saw cash levels fall from £12.7m to £7.7m as their net transfer outlay (31.6m) plus the purchase of new training ground land for development (£3.8m) were funded by Mr Demin who plunged new loans of £16.7m.

The new loans led to debt levels increasing from £52.6m to £69.3m (32%) as Mr Demin showed his new level of ambition have successfully stabilised the club in the Premier League.

All the loans are interest-free and are likely to increase this season as spending continues to grow, this will require further loans to fund their increased transfer activity and the new training ground that is to be built.

Net debt hence increased from £39.9m to £61.6m (54%) as the club look to push forward. The big area the club need to consider for further investment is a new stadium or a stadium expansion due to the constraints their current stadium of 11,000 holds over the club, Bournemouth have the lowest matchday revenue by a distance in the Premier League (it is also less than a lot of Championship clubs).

Bournemouth are in a good place currently, having prudently managed their finances while they adjusted to life in the Premier League and now feel at home and able to invest more heavily without risking their financial future. 

As long as Bournemouth continue to invest smartly and keep hold of Howe, relegation doesn’t seem a worry and they should continue to improve financially, although they should keep a watch on their rising costs which are hurting profitability.

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Brighton & Hove Albion’s 2018 Finances – Seagulls Soaring

Brighton & Hove Albion's Finances 2018

Brighton enjoyed their first-ever season in the Premier League. A 15thplaced finish exceeded many people’s expectations and a solid FA Cup run meant it was an unforgettable season for Brighton fans.

Brighton’s newfound Premier League status yielded huge boosts to their finances as the club recorded their first profit in years at record levels of £11.3m after recording a loss of £38.9m last year, showcasing the riches available in the Premier League.

Let’s delve into the numbers.

Brighton Profit:Loss 2018

Revenue Analysis

Brighton 2018 Revenue

Brighton saw their revenue soar to record heights, rising from £29.2m to £139.4m (377%) as the riches of the Premier League flowed into the club.

Matchday revenue rose from £14.8m to £18.5m (25%) as attendances grew on the back of promotion from 27,966 to 30,403 (9%) and ticket prices also rose, boosting matchday takings considerably. A run to the FA Cup Quarter Finals also boosted revenue by providing two extra home games.

Broadcasting revenue increased by over £100m, rising from £7.7m to an eye-watering £110.3m (1,332%). The Premier League really showed the reason for its tag as the richest league in the world by this astronomical rise in revenue for Brighton.

Brighton were shown on TV for 13 Premier League games and achieved a solid 15thplaced position, while they also reached the FA Cup Quarter Finals which further boosted their broadcasting revenue.

The new Premier League status of Brighton yielded new opportunities for commercial growth which they took full advantage of. Commercial revenue increased from £5.1m to £8.8m (73%), a figure that should only grow as long as Brighton stay in the Premier League.

Other revenue increased from £1.6m to £1.8m (13%).

Looking ahead Brighton should see another rise in revenue this season. Matchday revenue should increase slightly due to their run to the FA Cup Semi-Final and increasing attendances. Broadcasting revenue should increase due to their FA Cup exploits, however should they finish 16thor lower, revenue may actually fall. Brighton’s commercial revenue should increase to £10m+ otherwise it would have been a disappointing commercial campaign. 

A target revenue of £145m sounds reasonable, with the hope of pushing past the £150m barrier a possibility.

Costs Analysis

Brighton Costs 2018

Brighton saw their costs more than double, soaring from £59.0m to £130.0m (120%). This rise in costs still paled in comparison to the rise in revenue, meaning profitability was strengthened significantly. 

Player investment on promotion was apparent due to amortisation more than tripling, increasing from £6.3m to £19.3m (206%). Brighton made sure they were Premier League ready by recording their largest ever transfer spend.

Costs also rose due to investment in the women’s squad (part of the above amortisation) and investment in club facilities (which increased depreciation significantly).

Brighton also saw facilities damaged or that were no longer fit for purpose, which led to an impairment of £1.9m on certain equipment and facilities.

Brighton also had interest charges of £785k in the year due to interest on transfer fees which were not yet paid after negotiating instalments on their recent transfers.

A tax charge of only £0.8m was paid in the year, an effective tax rate of 6.6%. This is mainly due to Brighton being able to offset this year’s profit with previous losses the club recorded to reduce their tax liability.

Brighton Wages 2018

Wages nearly doubled, increasing from £40.4m to £77.6m (92%) as new Premier League ready players attracted Premier League level wages while current players were rewarded with new, lucrative contracts and bonuses.

The increase in wages cost Brighton an eye-watering extra £715k a week, a huge sum for a club the size of Brighton, although not unusual when clubs are promoted to the Premier League for the first time.

Directors saw a modest rise in salary despite survival, as remuneration rose from £1,673k to £1,855k (11%). Their CEO, Phil Barber, has attracted interest from other Premier League clubs so Brighton may be forced to increase this substantially this year to hold onto their talented CEO.

Looking ahead, Brighton’s costs are only going to increase as long as the club remain in the Premier League. New players will attract higher wages year by year while higher transfer fees will increase amortisation as well. 

Transfers Analysis

Brighton Net Transfer Spend 2018

Brighton had a busy transfer window of incoming players, with 9 players joining. Surprisingly, Brighton did not sell any players for transfer fees in the season (although Murphy and Goldson left in June before the end of Brighton’s financial year, affecting finances slightly).

In came Locadia (£15.3m), Izquierdo (£13.5m), Propper (£11.7m), Ryan (£5.4m), Suttner (£4.1m), Gross (£2.7m), Schelotto (£2.7m), Norman (£1.3m) and Ahannach (£0.5m) for a combined £57.2m.

With no outgoings, Brighton recorded a record-breaking net transfer spend of £57.2m, their third successive net transfer spend.

All the signings contributed to their Premier League survival with Gross proving to be one of the signings of the season while Propper, Ryan, Izquierdo and Locadia all impressed.

Brighton recorded a profit on player sales of £3.4m as the 2018/19 summer transfer sales of Goldson and Murphy were completed in June, before the end of Brighton’s financial year so was included in their finances despite not relating to the 17/18 season.

In cash terms, Brighton saw a huge outflow in cash as they spent £41.7m in cash and only received a measly £0.7m.

Brighton also owe a further £19.0m (of which £9.9m is due this year) while they are only owed £2.9m (of which £1.5m is due this year), a net position of owing £16.1m (of which £8.4m is due this year).

Although not ridiculously large, this may still affect future transfer plans.

Brighton could also potentially owe a further £6.3m if certain transfer clauses are met, although they could potentially be due £3.3m themselves if certain transfer clauses are met in their favour.

Debt Analysis

Brighton Net Debt 2018

Brighton’s first-ever Premier League season saw a huge increase in their cash reserves, taking them from an overdraft of £16.2m to having actual cash of £9.0m, a £25.2m swing.

This improvement in cash was largely due to the astronomical rise in revenue and the profit this brought. This cash was largely committed to transfers (£40m) and improving the club facilities (£10m). This did need a bit of funding, and their owners obliged by providing a loan of £32m.

The above mentioned loan from their owners of £32m increased their debt from £190.7m to £222.8m (17%) as A G Bloom provided further interest-free loans to Brighton to help their successful survival battle. This huge £223m of investment to date shows the huge sums it can take to bring a club to the Premier League.

However, this is only the start and further investment is likely to be needed to keep Brighton in the Premier League.

Net debt rose slightly, increasing from £206.9m to £213.8m (3%) as the rise in cash was bested by the rise in owner debt. Brighton are well on their way to becoming a sustainably run club, although their Premier League status is paramount to this goal.

There is still some way to go and further investment will be required before they are self-sufficient which is likely to take another 3/4 years of Premier League football. The current investment and funding is being spent wisely, improving both the playing squad’s quality and the quality of their facilities and as long as this continues, the club are in safe hands.

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Watford FC’s 2018 Finances – Mixed (Marco) Bag

Watford FC's Finances 2018

Watford completed their third successive season in the Premier League and will enter their fourth in the Premier League after a successful campaign ended in Premier League survival after a 14thplaced finish.

Following a great start to the season under Marco Silva, a hostile approach from Everton for their manager’s services derailed their season severely and ultimately led to his sacking and replacement in Javi Garcia who has since steadied the ship and led Watford to an impressive 2019 to date.

Off the pitch, rising costs and the lack of player sales saw a profit of £8.1m in 2017 turn to a huge loss of £30.7m in 2018. The sale of Richarlison at the end of last season should reverse this figure.

Let’s delve into the numbers.

Watford Profit:Loss 2018

Revenue Analysis

Watford 2018 Revenue

Watford saw a slight rise in revenue in 2018, as revenue increased from £123.9m to £127.4m (3%).

Matchday revenue rose from £7.6m to £8.0m (5%) as fan attendance rose at the club, and although failing to progress far in the cups, were afforded two home ties in their short campaigns in both which boosted revenue.

Broadcasting revenue increased from £105.4m to £108.8m (3%) after finishing 3 places higher than the higher season. A poor cup campaign stopped revenue from rising even further.

Commercial revenue rose well, increasing from £9.3m to £10.6m (14%) after Watford managed to renegotiate their main sponsorship deal with FxPro on more lucrative terms.

Other revenue halved from £1.6m to £0.8m (50%).

Looking ahead, Watford should see a decent rise in revenue next year with a top half finish looking likely and further progression in the cups then in previous years. Matchday revenue will increase due to more home games, while commercial revenue should increase if their commercial team has managed to capitalise on their growing stature and popularity. 

Costs Analysis

Watford Costs 2018

Watford saw a bigger rise in costs then revenue, hurting profitability. Costs rose from £138.8m to £157.7m (14%).

Amortisation was the main driver of this rise, increasing from £28.6m to £41.5m (45%) as Watford invested significantly in their playing squad as they looked to consolidate their Premier League status.

The effects of Brexit were felt slightly as Watford recorded an FX loss of £331k.

Watford saw a large increase in their interest costs, rising from £3.5m to £5.2m (49%) on the back of an increase in interest-bearing loans to their owners.

Watford Wages 2018

Watford also saw a sizeable increase in wage costs, rising from £74.8m to £85.9m (15%) after a sizeable investment on new, higher-earning players as well as rewarding existing players with new contracts.

The wage rise worked out at a noticeable extra £213k a week, which although sizeable for Watford at the time, is not unusual for a Premier League club.

Watford’s director saw their pay increase from £571k to £631k (11%) after a good season.

Looking ahead, Watford would expect costs to rise further as wages continue to rise with the times while further investment will see amortisation rise. Revenue should increase to a greater extent next year, so Watford will be hoping profitability improves next season.

Transfers Analysis

Watford Net Transfer Spend 2018

Watford were fairly busy spending on transfers last season, bringing in 10 players while 5 left.

In came Gray (£18.4m), Richarlison (£11.2m), Cleverley (£8.4m), Hughes (£8.2m), Chalobah (£5.7m), Lukebakio (£4.5m), Dahlberg (£3.5m), Zeegelaar (£2.7m), Deulofeu (Loan – £0.9m) and Carrillo (Loan – £0.9m) for a combined £64.3m.

Out went Berghuis (£5.9m), Kums (£5.9m), Agbo (£2.3m), Juanfran (£0.9m) and Zarate (Loan – £0.2m) for a combined £15.1m.

This led to a net spend of £49.2m, a 360% increase on the prior year and the fourth consecutive net spend Watford have recorded.

The majority of the signings were a success. Richarlison was a home run, while the home-grown signings of Cleverley, Hughes and Chalobah were shrewd additions. The only blots were potentially Lukebakio and Dahlberg while Gray has been disappointing when considering the fee but a useful addition nonetheless.

None of the departures were particularly missed.

The player sales did not help Watford in recording a profit as they only led to a profit on player sales of £2.9m. This will be completely different next year after the sale of Richarlison who Watford should record a profit in excess of £25m on.

In cash terms, Watford spent a relatively high £51.0m on transfers and received £19.3m (receiving some fees due from earlier seasons). This led to a net cash spend of £31.7m, a lot lower than their actual net spend of £49.2m.

Watford are also owed a further £13.3m in transfer fees, of which the majority (£12.1m) is owed this year.

In contrast, Watford owe an eye-watering £90.4m in transfer fees, of which a staggering £64.0m is due this year.

This means Watford owe a net £77.1m, a huge amount for a club the size of Watford that may complicate future transfer plans and lead to the sale of key players (such as Doucoure).

Watford also could potentially have to pay a further £21.2m due to contingent transfer fees should certain clauses be met, although this is unlikely to all be payable, if any.

Debt Analysis

Watford Net Debt 2018

Watford saw a slight fall in cash levels, falling from £10.0m to £8.2m (18%), its lowest levels since promotion after increases in player investment and costs, plus a £5.4m in their stadium and training facilities. This was in part funded by new loans of around £30m.

Watford saw their debt levels balloon after an increase in investment and ambition, rising from £48.9m to £83.4m (71%) as new loans of £36.7m were taken out with their owners, while £7m was repaid (net result of £29.7m).

Of this debt, £80.5m is from their owners with the remainder being external debt. The £80.5m attracts varying rates of inters from 4.5% to 6% depending on when it was received. Other loans in contrast attract rates of between 1.5% and 3%.

Watford were probably due a bit more investment from their owners and it was needed after a close shave the previous year after finishing 17thin the Premier League. Such investment shows the owner’s intention to build the club as a top-half Premier League club.

Watford hence saw net debt rise from £38.9m to £75.2m (93%) after the large investment.

Watford are on financial solid foundation which will remain that way as long as the club remain a Premier League club. After a solid season so far in 2019, this looks likely to be the case for some time. A couple more years of shrewd signings and good decisions should go a long way to making Watford a self-sustaining club.

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Everton FC’s 2018 Finances – Merseyside Blues

Everton FC's Finances 2018

Everton had an average season at best in 2018, finishing 8th but failed to progress far in any of the cup competitions, exiting both domestic cup by the Fourth Round and only reaching the group stage of the Europa League, a competition they weren’t in the following season following their 8th placed finish.

Fans were obviously discontent, not only with results, but also performance which ultimately led to the sackings of both Ronald Koeman and Sam Allardyce and appointment of Marco Silva, moves that proved expensive for the club, and will be even more so after the settlement with Watford.

The lack of progress last year and rising costs meant Everton went from a profit of £30.6m to a loss of £13.1m despite recording a huge profit on player sales due to Lukaku.

Let’s delve into the numbers.

Everton Profit:Loss 2018

Revenue Analysis

Everton 2018 Revenue

Everton saw a decent rise in revenue in 2018, rising from £171.3m to £189.2m (10%) due mainly to their Europa League campaign.

Broadcasting revenue fell slightly from £130.5m to £130.0m (0.3%) as they fell a place in the Premier League. This drop was offset slightly by featuring in more live games than usual (19), earning Everton, £22.3m.

Matchday revenue rose from £14.1m to £16.3m (16%) on the back of record season ticket sales of 31,282 and more home games due to their Europa League campaign.

Commercial revenue increased significantly, rising from £26.8m to £42.9m (60%). It is worth noting included within this sum is £22.1m of ‘other commercial activities’ which Everton have included their Europa League revenue in (last year’s figure was £11.4m by comparison), distorting this figure substantially. Sponsorship, advertising and merchandising rose from £15.4m to £20.7m (34%) which is still substantial commercial growth.

Commercial revenue is however helped by the training ground sponsorship of £6.0m received from USM, who are owned by their owners.

Looking ahead, another disappointing seems to be on the horizon which will see a dip in revenue for Everton. Matchday revenue will take a hit due to the fall in home games without the Europa League while the lack of European football will also impact their revenue by between to £7-10m due to the fall in prize money. Under their new CEO, commercial growth has been strong which will be key to any rise in revenue to offset the unavoidable drop due to performances on the pitch.

Costs Analysis

Everton Costs 2018

Everton saw costs balloon from £183.6m to £287.2m (56%), outpacing revenue growth significantly, hurting profitability.

A major reason for the rising costs was a huge increase in player investment as there was a sharp rise in amortisation, which grew from £37.3m to £66.9m (79%). The player investment failed to really improve the squad but did show huge ambition by Everton in attempting to challenge the top 6.

Everton also had exceptional one-off costs of £40m as they spent £11.4m on planning their new stadium, paid severance pay to their ex managers of £14.4m and also impaired the value of a players at the club by £8.2m (likely to be Bolasie).

Net interest costs fell from £9.0m to £2.8m (69%) due to exceptional costs last year of £7.0m due to early settlement fees on loans, which taken out means interest costs actually rose by 40%.

Everton Wages 2018

Wages rose by over £40m from £104.7m to £145.5m (39%) as their new signings attracted sizeable wage packages as Everton moved towards a more ambitious wage structure.

This wage rise works out an astronomical extra £785k a week to the club’s wage bill, unheard of figures for Everton who have been incredibly frugal for many a year.

Everton’s directors saw a large rise in their pay, increasing from £1.6m to £2.5m (56%) despite an unconvincing season.

Looking ahead, Everton were once again busy in the transfer market and are likely to see a rise in costs once again. Any rise in costs is likely to hit profitability further due to the unlikelihood of a rise in revenue this year, meaning Everton’s owners are likely to have to put more money into the club.

Transfers Analysis

Everton Net Transfer Spend 2018

Everton had huge transfer season last year spending and receiving just under £300m in total as 9 players entered Goodison Park and 8 departed.

Joining Everton were Sigurdsson (£44.5m), Pickford (£25.7m), Keane (£25.7m), Klaasen (£24.3m), Walcott (£20.3m), Tosun (£20.3m), Vlasic (£9.7m), Onyekuru (£7.2m) and Sandro (£5.4m) for a combined eye-watering £182.3m.

Leaving Everton were Lukaku (£76.2m), Barkley (£15.2m), Deulofeu (£10.8m), Cleverley (£8.4m), Lennon (£1.5m), Barry (£1.0m), Lookman (Loan – £0.5m) and McGeady (£0.3m) for a combined £113.8m.

This led Everton to a net spend of a sizeable £69.1m up a staggering 206% from 2017.

The signings in the main failed to live up to their price tags, Sigurdsson failed to bring his consistent quality, while Keane and Walcott did okay and Tosun and Klaassen were busts. The one standout was the signing of Pickford, who has since established himself as England’s no.1.

The sales of Barkley and the Belgium hitman Lukaku were sorely missed while the pace of Deulofeu, who has since starred at Watford was also a miss. The sales of Cleverley, Lennon and Barry managed to bring in decent transfer fees and make some room on the wage bill.

The sales of Lukaku and Barkley meant Everton recorded a profit on player sales of £87.8m, which was still not enough to help Everton to a profit, showing the club is heavily loss making and profitability needs to improve substantially to avoid substantial losses in the next couple of years (unless star players are sold, which isn’t a long-term solution).

In cash terms Everton’s transfer outlay was even larger than the net transfer spend. Everton spent cash of £155.8m and only received cash of £52.6m, a net result of £103.2m as they negotiated unfavourable terms on the sale of Lukaku.

This will however be recouped in future years as they are owed £109.6m in transfers, of which £64.3 is due this year.

In contrast, Everton owe £88.4m, of which £55.2m is owed this year. Everton are hence in a net owed position of £21.2m which may help with future transfer windows.

Everton could also potentially owe another £41.4m in transfer fees if certain clauses are met. There are also loyalty bonuses that could become payable of £31.2m, a sizeable cost if the conditions are met. Everton’s board have stated it is unlikely they will at this stage.

Debt Analysis

Everton Net Debt 2018

Cash levels at Everton remained stable, falling slightly from £9.6m to £9.5m (1%) as the huge transfer outlay and rising costs were funded by new loans (£75m) and equity investment (£45m) of a huge £120m, showcasing the ambition their owners have for the club going forward.

Everton received new funding from their owners, part equity and part new debt, which was £75.2m of the total. Following the change in ownership last year, there was no debt in the club, meaning a huge increase to £75.2m was incurred.

Last season was a huge statement of intent by the new owners that fans will be hoping continues going forward.

Net debt hence changed from a net cash position of £9.6m and to a net debt position of £65.7m as their debt profile changed again following the change in ownership.

Going forward Everton’s new owners are going to have to invest further due to the rising losses of the club on the back of rising costs that isn’t being met by any meaningful rise in revenues as performances on the pitch struggle to match the investments made off the pitch.

Evertonians alike will be hoping that going forward funds will be spent more wisely, leading to a more sustainable Everton in the future.

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Leicester City FC’s 2018 Finances – European Hangover

Leicester City FC's Finances 2018

Leicester had an anticlimactic season compared to the last 2 years, finishing 9thplaced in the Premier League and reaching the quarter-finals of both domestic cups. After a roller coaster couple of years, Leicester are back to reality and are looking to consolidate their status as a top-half side and push on from there.

The lack of European football this year led to a steep drop in profits as they plummeted from £80.0m to £1.5m (98%), showcasing how lucrative Europe’s finest competition is.

Let’s delve into the numbers.

Leicester Profit:Loss 2018

Revenue Analysis

Leicester Revenue 2018

As mentioned, the lack of Champions League football led to revenue dropping by a third, falling from £233.1m to £158.9m (32%).

Matchday revenue fell from £16.5m to £12.9m (22%) as the club had less home games and lacked the lucrative European ties that boosted this revenue last year. Matchday revenue is still increasing if last year’s one-off European adventure isn’t taken into account as matchday revenue was still higher than the £11.9m recorded in their Premier League winning campaign.

Commercial revenue disappointingly fell, falling from £23.7m to £20.7m (13%) as their move back to mid-table dampened the fanfare around the club and lucrative sponsorship deals faded slightly. Leicester will be hoping they can stabilise commercial revenue at this point to avoid a drop in an important income stream for the club.

Broadcasting revenue dropped by over a third, falling from £190.8m to £124.2m (35%) as the lack of European football was a £70m hit to their finances, being offset slightly by a decent cup campaign and an improved Premier League finish. 

Other revenue dropped from £2.1m to £1.1m (48%)

Looking ahead, Leicester should expect revenue to stabilise at around the £160 – £180m mark with rises and falls down predominately to cup performances and the success of their commercial team. A move up the table from mid table may boost revenue significantly and a return to Europe via the Europa league should be the main aim to boost revenue.

Leicester have begun putting in place plans to expand the King Power stadium, this would boost the matchday revenue of the club significantly. The King Power was revalued this year also, falling slightly in value from £39.1m to £38.2m.

Costs Analysis

Leicester Costs 2018

Leicester saw costs increase despite falling revenue, hurting profitability significantly. Costs rose from £178.0m to £193.4m (9%).

A main reason for this was an increase in player investment as amortisation rose from £29.7m to £48.8m (64%). Leicester showed their ambition with another year of large investment as they look to consolidate their top-half status and push on, utilising the huge revenue boosts in the last couple of memorable years.

Net interest costs rose from £2.3m to £2.7m (17%) as interest costs on transfer fees rose due to increased transfer activity that is due in instalments.

Brexit also had an impact on Leicester, causing a foreign exchange loss of £1.0m on loans and other monetary items.

Stadium related expenses increased from £3.9m to £4.6m (18%).

Leicester Wages 2018

Wages increased slightly, rising from £112.6m to £119.0m (6%) as Leicester’s new signings commanded higher wages than the departing foxes.

The wage rise works out an extra £123k a week, which for a team like Leicester is sizeable but nothing out of the ordinary.

Key managements saw their wages fall slightly from £325k to £308k (5%).

Lastly, Leicester paid £85k of tax this year, an effective tax rate of only 5.3%, well below the tax rate. This is mainly due to certain complex tax rules that have reduced their tax liability in line with those rules.

Transfers Analysis

Leicester Net Transfer Spend 2018

Leicester were very active in the transfer market seeing 8 arrivals and 4 departures.

In came Iheanacho (£24.9m), Silva (£22.1m), Iborra (£13.5m), Maguire (£12.3m), Dragovic (Loan – £2.3m), Jakupovic (£2.1m), Diabate (£1.8m) and Hughes (£0.1m) for a combined £79.1m

Leaving the King Power were Drinkwater (£34.1m), Lawrence (£5.6m), Zieler (£3.6m) and Kaputska (Loan – £0.5m) for a combined £43.1m.

This led to a net spend of £36.0m, up 51% on the previous season.

Leicester City were not entirely successful in the transfer market last season. Maguire was an inspired signing, however the likes of Iborra and Silva failed to settle and live up to their price tags while Iheanacho had a mixed season.

The sale of Drinkwater was a good one as he has failed to impress at Chelsea while the other departures were not missed, although the sale of Tom Lawrence may have been premature considering the fee received.

Selling Drinkwater assisted the club massively financially as Leicester recorded a profit on player sales of £38.3m, meaning without the sale of Drinkwater, Leicester would have made a sizeable loss.

Leicester spent a huge amount in cash terms of £79.1m while only receiving £28.9m, a net cash outlay on transfers of £50.2m.

In terms of transfer fees owed, Leicester are due £24.3m in transfer fees. However, Leicester owe £67.8m of which £46.5m is due this year which may impact transfers in the coming year or two.

Leicester could also potentially owe a further £19.6m in contingent transfer fees if certain clauses are met by players.

Debt Analysis

Leicester Net Debt 2018

Leicester saw their cash balance depleted during the year as they began investing their sizeable cash reserve of £52m in players and club facilities. Cash levels nearly halved from £52.0m to £27.4m (47%).

Leicester this year saw a huge cash outlay on transfers as mentioned above while they also repaid some debt and also spent some cash on improving facilities.

This is going to stop here as they invested further in transfers in the summer (net spend of around £25m) and committed to spending £9.4m on facilities comprising of a new training ground (£3.3m), stadium expansion costs (£3.0m), improving the fan store (£0.9m), new screens at the stadium (£0.8m) and IT upgrades (£0.2m) as they looked to boost matchday revenue and commercial opportunities.

Leicester also donated £1.0m to the Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha Foundation (prior to his passing). May he rest in peace after all he has done for the club to get them to the point they are now.

Leicester did see debt fall, decreasing from £29.2m to £24.7m (15%) as they repaid some debt to their owners after as successful couple of seasons.

Leicester saw their net cash position fall from £22.8m to £2.7m (88%) after a sizeable depletion of their cash balance.

Leicester as you can see are a financially stable club that is self-sufficient in reaching its goals after the huge revenue rises over the last couple of seasons. A return to normality will see their finances stretched slightly as their profitability has dropped massively, however a consistent top half finish and smart investment will mean their finances give them the chance to be competitive and hopefully challenge the top 6 going forward.

With a few young stars in the squad and the finances to invest, Leicester have a solid financial foundation on which they can build towards growing as a club under Brendan Rodgers.

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Wolves FC’s 2018 Finances – Financial Fosun Play

Wolves Finances 2018

Wolves had an outstanding 2018 after winning the Championship with ease following sizeable investment from their ambitious owners, Fosun.

Not only did they win the league, the style of play was that of a Premier League club and the side will go down as one of the best to grace the Championship.

Wolves’ heavy investment has led to a huge loss in the year that may cause Financial Fair Play issues in the near future as Wolves recorded a loss of £57.2m, more than double the £23.2m loss last year, which was already a sizeable amount.

Let’s delve into the numbers.

Wolves Profit:Loss 2018

Revenue Analysis

Wolves Revenue 2018

Wolves unsurprisingly saw a rise in revenue after a successful season, as revenue rose from £23.7m to £26.4m (11%).

Matchday revenue rose from £6.5m to £7.8m (20%) after a great season drove improvement in match attendances with season ticket sales increasing from 13,757 to 21,233 (54%), an incredible one-year increase. Match attendances were also up from 21,572 to 28,298 (31%).

Broadcasting revenue was surprisingly stable at £8.0m despite promotion and a fantastic season in general, however this is because last year was their last of parachute payments after relegation from the Premier League 4 years ago, making it a timely return.

Commercial revenue impressively rose from £7.6m to £8.9m (17%) as their new links through their owners paid dividends as that combined with a strong performance by their commercial team meant new, lucrative relationships were formed.

Other revenue rose from £1.6m to £1.7m (6%).

Looking ahead, Wolves are going to see an astronomic rise in revenue next season on their Premier League return. Revenue is likely to quadruple if not more as their solid mid-table season to date means broadcasting revenue is likely to be in excess of £100m while their solid campaign means that both matchday revenue and commercial revenue are likely to rise.

Costs Analysis

Wolves Costs 2018

This is where Wolves’ finances get interesting. Extraordinarily, Wolves costs rocketed to £91.2m from £48.5m (88%) as Fosun invested heavily into the club but caused Financial Fair Play issues to rear its head.

Amortisation more than doubled from £7.6m to £16.1m (118%) after huge levels of player investment relative to the size of the club previously. We expect that this will continue to increase as the club invest more and more into establishing Wolves as a Premier League mainstay.

Wolves saw interest costs fall slightly from £0.6m to £0.4m (33%), however these amounts were minimal to begin with.

Wolves Wages 2018

Incredibly, wages rose from £28.2m to £50.7m (80%) as the club invested in their playing squad and brought in some marquee signings that needed marquee wages to sign. What is amazing about their wages is that it is nearly double their revenue of £26.4m which is unheard of levels of financial risk. Had the club failed to secure promotion, Wolves would have found themselves in deep water without more investment from Fosun.

It also questions how Financial Fair Play could allow such a situation without punishment due to the huge gamble the club made in attempting to secure promotion and the potentially unfair advantage this bought.

The wage rise is the equivalent of an eye-watering £433k extra a week, even more crazy considering they were a Championship club at the time.

A large portion of the wage rise will be due to promotion-related bonuses, possibly to the tune of £25m (maximum). This amount is likely to be excluded from any loss calculations made in relation Financial Fair Play due to the cost only being realised due to promotion. This may help Wolves when arguing their case, if it comes to that.

Directors saw their pay apparently cut from £494k to £110k (78%).

Looking ahead, Wolves will see costs rise even further as the money keeps flowing. This may also increase more than expected should the club receive any Financial Fair Play penalties if they are deemed to have broken the rules (which seems likely). Losses should however fall next year as revenue growth outpaces costs growth significantly.

Transfer Analysis

Wolves Net Transfer Spend 2018

Wolves’ relationship with Jorge Mendes made for an exciting transfer season for the club as exotic names entered the Molineux.

In came Neves (£16.1m), Miranda (£2.7m), Mir (£1.8m), Douglas (£1.0m) and Stevenson (£0.5m) for a combined £22.2m.

Leaving Wolves were Dicko (£3.4m), Edwards (£1.0m), Evans (£0.8m) and Saville (£0.5m) for a combined fee of £5.7m.

This meant Wolves had a net spend of £22.2m, down 45% on last year as Wolves focussed more on getting the right player than spending senselessly.

This tactic worked as the additions really improved the squad and the signing of Neves was inspired as he made his own goal of the season competition while dictating the play of the club.

Wolves’ loss was not bigger only because of player sales on which Wolves made a profit of £8.1m (some of the summer sales slipped through to be included this year).

Wolves paid cash of £25.1m to buy players last season and only received £7.3m in cash for player sales, a net position of £17.8m which required funding from Fosun.

Wolves are also owed a further £5.0m in transfer fees, however, Wolves owe £23.0m in transfer fees, of which £17.5m is due this year which is a sizeable cash burden to Wolves. This didn’t however seem to curb spending last summer on their Premier League return.

Wolves may also have a further £9.0m in contingent transfer fees to pay should certain clauses be met.

Debt Analysis

Wolves Net Debt 2018

Fosun’s Wolves are running up their debts to their owners this year after he began investing huge funds into the club who previously had little debt.

Cash levels fell slightly from £3.2m to £2.3m (28%) as the club spent heavily and Fosun funded the club with £48m in new loans which was used to pay for transfer fees (£25.1m), facility improvements (£2.8m) and the increased costs Wolves experienced last year.

This loan led to debt levels increasing from £27.0m to a huge £75.0m (178%) which is all owed to Fosun and attracts no interest charges. Fosun has big plans for the club and looks like they are just getting started with the investment into Wolves which is a good sign to the club. With performances matching what you would expect from their investment so far, Fosun will be happy to continue his investment as it will improve the value of Wolves which is how they will get recoup their investment when Wolves are eventually sold at a huge profit on the reported £45m paid for the club.

Net debt hence increased from £23.8m to £72.7m (205%) after the huge investment by Fosun.

Wolves fans need not worry about their financial situation as long as the owner stays interested, which so far seems the case. The only issue Wolves may have is their compliance with Financial Fair Play.

Championship clubs are meant to only record maximum loss of £13m loss a year. This means over a 3-year rolling period a maximum loss of £39m is usually allowed. Wolves have recorded a cumulative loss of £74.6m over that period, nearly double the limit which is likely to be deemed unacceptable despite Fosun pumping £48m of his own money into the club.

It is now up to the EFL to decide whether to penalise Wolves in what seems to be financial foul play, however the huge investment by Fosun may circumvent the rules if the EFL have given consent for this investment. However, other Championship clubs may lobby for sanctions to avoid a similar situation occurring again which may force the EFL’s hands regardless.

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Cardiff 2018 Financial Review – The Promotion Penalty

Cardiff Financial Review 2018

Cardiff surprised many in 2018, achieving promotion back to the Premier League at the fourth time of asking. The club had been stuck in mid-table following relegation and were expected to be closer to the other end of the table following a decline in investment and performances. However, Warnock and Co. thrilled their fans and achieved the incredible feat of automatic promotion.

Despite this achievement, the costs of getting the club ready for the Premier League was high and as such, increased Cardiff’s losses from £21.3m to £36.1m (69%), showing the immediate promotion penalty a club receives before the riches come in.

Let’s delve into the numbers.

Cardiff Profit:Loss 2018

Revenue Analysis

Cardiff Revenue 2018

Cardiff unsurprisingly saw a boost in revenue following promotion, with revenue rising from £27.1m to £32.8m (21%), a timely boost as the club came to the end of their parachute payments.

Matchday revenue rose from £3.5m to £4.9m (40%) as a fantastic season and improved performance saw disgruntled Cardiff fans return in their droves as attendance rose from 16,654 to 20,164 (21%). However, matchday revenue is still well below 2014 levels of £8.3m, showing there is still room for improvement in this area and Cardiff should see a further increase on their return to the Premier League.

Broadcasting revenue rose from £20.6m to £21.6m (5%) as the club moved up 10 places to 2nd in the Championship and featured more heavily on TV due to their exciting promotion battle. The increase in prize money and TV money was offset by the reduction in parachute payments after a fourth year in the Championship, making their return to the Premier League perfectly timed.

Commercial revenue was the largest climber, more than doubling from £3.0m to £6.3m (110%) as their imminent return to the Premier League boosted their popularity and led to new commercial sponsors and bonuses from existing ones.  Cardiff’s commercial income peaked in 2014 at £7.7m, so Cardiff will be hoping to surpass that figure this time round.

Looking ahead, there is no doubt that Cardiff will see a huge boost in revenue, which is likely to more than triple to in excess of £100m as the riches of the Premier League flood in to the club. The magnitude of the amount will depend slightly on their season performance, however even if the club are relegated, they should still realise revenue in excess of £100m.

Costs Analysis

Cardiff Costs 2018

Cardiff were hit by promotion with an unprecedented rise in costs, more than quadrupling from £15.5m to £66.9m (332%).

Steve Borley (Cardiff Director) put the cost increase down as ‘mainly due to additional commitments made to players, management, staff and other creditors as a result of promotion to the English Premier League’.

Amortisation did however remain relatively stable, increasing slightly from £5.0m to £5.1m (2%), showing that it was a tremendous achievement to gain promotion when club investment was relatively low.

The main reason as mentioned above for the huge increase in costs was £23.2m of exceptional costs ‘in respect of bonuses and other contractual commitments payable following promotion to the English Premier League’. These costs are usually high with clubs keen to reward players for their achievements and savvy agents negotiating hefty bonuses of this kind into player contracts.

Cardiff’s finance costs fell from £8.3m to £7.7m (8%) after a large fall in interest costs relating to overseas taxes, although this was slightly negated by an increase in interest due to an increase in shareholder loans owed to their owners.

Cardiff Wages 2018

Wages were up considerably, increasing from £29.0m to £48.4m (67%) as players were rewarded for promotion with bonuses, pay rises and new players entered the club with higher wages than the players they replaced in the summer.

This huge wage increase is equivalent to an extra £373k a week (just enough to get Ozil) and is likely to only rise further following promotion.

Among those to gain from promotion were Cardiff’s directors, whose total pay increased from £283k to £1,429k (405%), much to their delight after a job well done.

Looking ahead, costs will rise slightly, but to a lesser extent than revenue so Cardiff will hopefully be in a profitable position in 2019. An increase in wages and amortisation will be offset by the lack of exceptional costs next year, however the club may have considerable bonuses in place should the club survive, which could in fact significantly increase costs.

Transfer Analysis

Cardiff Net Transfer Spend 2018

Cardiff were relatively quiet in 2018 transfer wise despite securing promotion, focusing their main efforts on free transfers and a couple of key signings.

Joining Cardiff (for transfer fees) were Madine (£6.1m), Tomlin (£3.0m), Ward (£1.6m) and Bogle (£0.7m) for a combined £11.4m.

Only two players departed (for transfer fees) and they were Saadi (£1.4m) and Huws (£1.0m) for a combined £2.4m.

This led Cardiff to their first net transfer spend (£9.0m) since their only Premier League season and resulted in the club gaining promotion back to the Premier League.

The key for Cardiff didn’t seem to be the money spent, rather keeping most of the team together and adding some shrewd free transfers, especially Callum Paterson and Neil Ethridge.

The departures (which may include some of 2018 summer transfers) led to a small profit on player sales of £2.4m.

The club are also owed a further £0.4m in transfer fees however they owe a further £2.4m with both amounts due this year, this shouldn’t however be a concern with the influx of cash the club are going to receive following promotion.

The club may also have to pay a further £2.1m in contingent transfer fees should certain clauses be met by players in the future. Again, this minimal amount should not be of any concern.

During the year the club spent cash of £14.3m to buy players due to a host of instalments being due on transfers of previous years. This was a significant cash burden as the club only received £2.9m in transfer fees from other clubs.

Debt Analysis

Cardiff Net Debt 2018

Cardiff are historically a club of low cash reserves and fairly high debt, which has been slowly increasing of late. This trend showed no signs of changing as cash levels fell from £9.3m (abnormally high for Cardiff) to £2.9m (69%).

This cash depletion was mainly due to the cost of promotion as well as the large net transfer outlay this season. In order to finance these costs, Cardiff’s owners plunged another £25.4m into the club, however there were repayments of £11.0m to various parties, including the owners.

Debt levels rose from £115.1m to £137.3m (19%) on the back of the extra £25m investment (some old loans were repaid to the owners at the same time).

Cardiff fans and their owner will be hoping that a return to the Premier League will help the club be self-sufficient, however to stay there may require further capital, although the owners have shown they are not afraid to supply that.

An immediate relegation back to the Championship has most likely been prepared for due to the likelihood of this happening at the beginning of the season, meaning Cardiff should be financially secure should the worst happen (although they currently have a great chance of staying up).

It is also worth noting that the club have vaguely stated that a claim has been made against the club, however have not detailed anything further relating to its nature or amount. This could potentially, although unlikely, seriously impact their finances.

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Liverpool – The Kop’s Commercial Weakness

Liverpool Commercial Revenue Compared

Liverpool FC released their financial results recently to great fanfare, record profits, growing revenue and a competitive wage structure were all reasons for Liverpool fans to get excited. Among all this excitement the composition of their revenue went under the radar.

Liverpool Revenue 2018

Roughly half of their revenue was from TV money and prize money, which although shows success in a season, isn’t something that can be relied upon each year. Unless your Real Madrid or Barcelona, Champions League finals/trophies are a rare occurrence due to the strength of the competing rivals.

Roughly a fifth of Liverpool’s revenue came from matchday earnings which has remained fairly stable but is increasing as the capacity of Anfield increases.

This leaves around a third of Liverpool’s revenue being from commercial revenue. Commercial revenue is made up of sponsorship deals and merchandise sales. This is the area where Liverpool are below Europe’s top table and an area that has significant room for improvement.

The Problem

Commercial Revenue 2018

The graph above shows the potential Liverpool have to grow this area of revenue and boost income significantly to boost their financial muscle. Liverpool’s commercial revenue is the 8th highest in Europe according to Deloitte and is less than half the amount Real Madrid command. Although no one is saying Liverpool are as big a club as Real Madrid, the difference is much bigger than it should be.

Liverpool lag their northern rivals in Manchester significantly too, by more than £100m in Manchester United’s case. This gap needs to shrink if Liverpool are serious about mixing with Europe’s finest.

Mr. Popular

Social Media Following Football 2018

The reason Liverpool have so much potential and are currently under achieving when it comes to commercial revenue is the growth the club has experienced in popularity and appeal worldwide under Klopp.

Liverpool have struggled over the past couple of decades to ‘get with the times’ and match their rivals in digital popularity as football moved into the modern era. Manchester United perfectly exploited and channelled the new commercial era and as a result saw their finances explode with Liverpool playing catch up ever since.

However, Liverpool are catching up and are ahead of many in terms of social media followers. The club have the 6th highest number of twitter followers of the twenty teams to make up the Deloitte Money League. They also have 9th highest number of followers on Instagram which could be improved upon with more engagement and is an area for growth.

The club only has the 10th highest number of Facebook ‘likes’ and should look at these platforms as areas that could grow significantly. In all these areas they aren’t far of moving further up the social media chain as the club engage to a greater extent with the fans and their success on the pitch attracts more digital fans.

The importance of this nowadays cannot be underestimated, a club’s social media pull gives companies a great way to advertise directly to their target market being football fans or geographical location. A greater number of followers makes it much easier to negotiate lucrative sponsorship deals, especially the smaller club partners who can make up a considerable amount of a club’s commercial revenue.

Kitted Out

Shirt Sponsorship Deals Football 2018

Liverpool currently earn roughly £28m from their kit manufacturer New Balance annually. This is almost a third of the amount Manchester United attract in their £75m deal with Adidas and 5 times less than Barcelona’s high of £140m from Nike.

Liverpool are (and should be) entertaining offers from the likes of Adidas and Nike as they look to match, if not exceed the amount earned by Manchester United when their deal with New Balance runs out at the end of next season.

Liverpool should be able to increase their kit deal significantly as Manchester United negotiated their deal a few years ago so by now, this should be well within the grasp of Liverpool considering the growth in popularity the club has sustained of late.

Their current deal is also below the likes of Chelsea and Manchester City, clubs of a similar stature social media wise however Liverpool also have a larger fan base outside of this and would therefore hope to command at least in excess of the £50m Manchester City recently negotiated with Puma.

Getting More Shirty

Kit Sponsorship Deals Football 2018

Liverpool have stayed loyal to their shirt sponsors historically, seemingly married to Carlsberg until they parted ways a few years ago and Standard Chartered took their place. Liverpool chose wisely and have recently renegotiated their deal on £40m a year for four years, up from £30m. This was a shrewd move and Liverpool are doing well in terms of their shirt sponsor and there is not much room to improve in this area.

The club should focus on maintaining a good working relationship with Standard Chartered and negotiate at the appropriate time to improve the terms, maybe by incentivising additional performance related bonuses that will reward the club on the back of successes on the pitch.

Opportunity Knocks

Liverpool have many additional areas that could enhance commercial revenue with some controversial and others just sensible.

Sleeves

Liverpool currently have a 5-year deal with Western Union as their sleeve sponsor, mainly in line with their rivals. Arsenal are currently leading the way with an £8m-a-year deal, something Liverpool should consider exceeding considerably when their current deal expires in 3 years, something for the future.

Training kits

Liverpool’s training kit is sponsored by BetVictor and their current deal expires at the end of the season, making it an opportunity to bring in a more lucrative deal. For comparison, Barcelona have reportedly the highest training kit deal (with Beko) at around £16m a year, which offers a sizeable boost in revenue should Liverpool get anyway near that figure, either by improved terms of a new sponsor.

Naming Rights

Stadium naming rights are a controversial topic in England among fans with many opposed to the idea of ruining club traditions all for the sake of a few quid. However, recent studies have shown it is no longer a few quid with valuations in excess of £10m being placed on Anfield and other famous stadiums. A boost of even £10m in commercial revenue would by over 5%.

Club Partners

Liverpool could attempt to go a different way and go for volume with sponsors. Club partners can add small multi-million-pound deals here and there however if this was scaled up, could run to the tens of millions. The main drawback here is the time it may take and the devaluing of their main sponsor who may not be best pleased to see all these deals that take the shine of their large deals.

Go Strange

What if Liverpool find the newest trend like the sleeve sponsor? This is an option for the creative. How about shorts sponsors? Press conference sponsors? These are all options and many more. The club could also develop a new medium to share their content that substantially boost their social media following and attracts more lucrative deals.

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Middlesbrough 2018 Financial Review – Riverside Reeling

Middlesbrough Financial Review 2017:18

Middlesbrough were back in the Championship after a very brief 1-year return to the Premier League. The club had one aim; to make their Championship stay as short-lived as their most recent Premier League one.

Middlesbrough were close to meeting this objective, being in the automatic promotion chase for much of the season and despite falling short, they qualified for the play-offs with as much a chance of promotion as anyone. However, a semi-final exit saw the club’s deepest fears realised as they failed to escape the Championship at the first time of asking, a further hit to their finances after investing significantly to bounce straight back to the Premier League.

Middlesbrough were loss-making once again following relegation, as a £11.5m profit turned into a £6.6m loss, with a prolonged stay in the division likely to only increase the size of their losses.

Let’s delve into the numbers. 

Middlesbrough Profit:Loss 2018

Revenue Analysis

Middlesbrough Revenue 2018

Middlesbrough unsurprisingly saw revenue plummet following relegation, nearly halving from £121.4m to £62.0m (49%).

This was predominately due to broadcasting revenue more than halving from £101.5m to £46.6m (54%), as the club counted the cost of relegation with an eye-watering drop in TV/Prize money of £55m. This was even with receipt of sizeable parachute payments all clubs receive for a few years following relegation.

Matchday revenue fell significantly considering its normally stable nature. Matchday revenue fell from £8.7m to £7.1m (18%) as it fell below even 2016 levels due to lower ticket prices and match attendances. With Tony Pulis in charge, the style of football at the Riverside Stadium is not the most pleasing and will struggle to put bums on seats in the absence of results which is likely to suppress matchday earnings going forward.

Commercial revenue also experienced a relegation hit, falling from £11.2m to £8.3m (26%) as sponsors ran away due to the fall in global appeal of Middlesbrough following the loss of their newly earned Premier League status. Middlesbrough’s commercial team failed to manage sponsors and saw people leave as well as relegation clauses that led to lower payments come into effect. Middlesbrough will find it difficult to recoup the losses here in the absence of Premier League football.

Looking ahead, Middlesbrough will unfortunately see a further dip in revenue following a second successive season in the Championship. Parachute payments will fall which will reduce broadcasting revenue significantly again. Matchday revenue is likely to stabilise at between £7-8m while commercial income will likely see a further small dip if promotion is not achieved.

Costs Analysis

Middlesbrough Costs 2018

Middlesbrough managed to reduce costs as they re-acclimatised to the Championship. Costs fell by a third from £125.6m to £82.3m (34%), confirming that profitability has dipped as cost dropped at slower rate than revenue dropped.

Amortisation cost fell from £28.4m to £24.5m (14%). Although this usually signifies a drop-in investment relative to previous years, in actual fact Middlesbrough’s investment was fairly stable as last year the club impaired the value of some players following relegation. If this figure of £4m is omitted from the above, amortisation actually increased slightly, signifying stable investment.

Interest charges increased significantly in the year, rising from £0.3m to £1.5m (400%) after the introduction of new loans into the club (more on this later).

Middlesbrough Wages 2018

Middlesbrough saw a large drop in wages as wages fell from £64.9m to £48.7m (25%) as high-earners departed the Riverside and relegation wage-drop clauses came into effect.

The drop-in wages work out at a cool saving of £312k a week to the club which was much-needed following the fall in revenue following relegation.

Interestingly, Middlesbrough paid directors a measly £5k through their main company. It is likely (almost certain) that the actual figure is considerably bigger, this would either be because it just hasn’t been disclosed, paid elsewhere or the director was paid with shares.

Transfer Analysis

Middlesbrough Net Transfer Spend 2018

Middlesbrough were very active in the transfer window in 2018 as they overhauled the squad to prepare for a different challenge in the Championship as 9 players entered and 9 departed the Riverside Stadium.

In came Assombalonga (£15.4m), Braithwaite (£10.2m), Fletcher (£6.6m), Howson (£5.1m), Randolph (£5.0m), Shotton (£2.9m), Christie (£2.5m) and Johnson (£2.4m) for a combined £50.1m.

This was almost entirely funded by departures as De Roon (£12.2m), Rhodes (£10.5m), Ramirez (£8.1m), Forshaw (£4.6m), Espinosa (£4.1m), Christie (£3.1m), Fischer (£2.7m), Stuani (£2.3m) and Husband (£1.0m) left the club for a combined £48.4m.

This meant a net spend of £1.7m, down 95% on last year as the club had to balance the books. Relatively speaking, having a net spend at all after relegation shows a good level of ambition as clubs have to watch their finances after a large drop in revenue.

The signings were a mixture of successes with Assombalonga performing well while others were the sort of signings you need to succeed in the Championship. Those who left were not missed greatly with their performances at the club a major reason they were relegated in the first place.

Aiding performance was a sizeable profit on player sales of £15.3m, which stopped the loss being any larger as the club made a profit on a number of players who departed.

Middlesbrough do have some transfer worries financially as although £26.9m is owed to the club in terms of transfers and similar in the next few years, the club owe a whopping £56.2m in transfer fees to clubs from their failed Premier League campaign and this year. Of this fee, £40m of it is due this year which may be a concern should the club fail to gain promotion.

The club also has contingent transfer fees of £6.2m that may become payable should certain clauses be met.

Debt Analysis

Middlesbrough Net Debt 2018

Middlesbrough saw a steady rise in debt over the last few years to £100m, at which point it has begun to stabilise at that level. As with most Championship clubs, cash can be in short supply and the club need to utilise all their cash reserves to be competitive.

Cash more than doubled from a measly £0.2m to £0.5m as Middlesbrough’s cash balance remained fairly low with the club needing all the transfer fees and revenue received to push for promotion.

Debt levels remained fairly stable, falling slightly from £102m to £100.2m (1%) as the owners surprisingly didn’t feel the need to inject any new funds following relegation with the club able to fund itself. This may bode well if this means he has excess capital he can still put in should their promotion bid falter again, or it could signal and tone-down in investment from above.

The club also has a bank loan of £7.1m which it took out at £8.6m last year, paying down £1.5m in 2018. They will probably pay down a further £1.5m next year, an expensive interest charge that significantly increased their interest charge as mentioned in the cost section.

Middlesbrough seem relatively financially secure for the time being, however should the club remain in the Championship for a few seasons, their picture may change dramatically as their financial structure is one built for the Premier League.

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